Spatial relations in text refer to how a geographical entity is located in space in relation to a reference entity. Extracting spatial relations from text is a fundamental task in natural language ...

Qualitative spatial reasoning is a field concerned with describing and inferring the relationships between spatial entities using symbolic representations rather than precise numerical coordinates. At ...

Spatial thinking relates to interest and success in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. In this Review, we suggest that visualizations connect spatial and STEM ...